Vyberte min. tři hodnoty záznamu v jiné tabulce s JOIN

Pokud zůstane požadavek na pivot 3 cen v řadě, použijte ROW_NUMBER() umožní zadat tato čísla 1, 2, 3 a odtud je jednoduché použití case expressions s group by :

za 3 nejnižší ceny:

SELECT
      a.article_id
    , MAX(CASE
            WHEN a.price_seq = 1 THEN p.price END) AS price_1
    , MAX(CASE
            WHEN a.price_seq = 2 THEN p.price END) AS price_2
    , MAX(CASE
            WHEN a.price_seq = 3 THEN p.price END) AS price_3
FROM (
            SELECT
                  article_id
                , price_valid_from
                , price_id
                , ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY article_id
                                     ORDER BY p.price ASC) AS price_seq
            FROM article
                  LEFT OUTER JOIN price p
                              ON (a.price_id = p.price_id)
      ) a
GROUP BY
      a.article_id
ORDER BY
      a.article_id

za 3 nejnovější ceny

SELECT
      a.article_id
    , MAX(CASE
            WHEN a.price_seq = 1 THEN p.price END) AS price_1
    , MAX(CASE
            WHEN a.price_seq = 2 THEN p.price END) AS price_2
    , MAX(CASE
            WHEN a.price_seq = 3 THEN p.price END) AS price_3
FROM (
            SELECT
                  article_id
                , price_valid_from
                , price_id
                , ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY article_id
                                     ORDER BY price_valid_from DESC) AS price_seq
            FROM article
      ) a
      LEFT OUTER JOIN price p
                  ON (a.price_id = p.price_id)
GROUP BY
      (a.article_id)
ORDER BY
      a.article_id

Ukázka SQLfiddle