Můžete to udělat:
DECLARE @query varchar(max)
SELECT @query =
'SELECT ' + SUBSTRING((SELECT ',' +'COUNT(DISTINCT(' + column_name + '))
As ' + column_name + ' '
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE
table_name = 'table_name'
for xml path('')),2,200000) + 'FROM table_name'
PRINT(@query)