Oracle SQL zřetězení řádků podle období

Toto je typ problému mezer a ostrovů. Můžete použít lag() a poté kumulativní součet:

select id, min(laufd), max(nextdt),
       row_number() over (partition by id order by min(laufd)) as period
from (select t.*,
             sum(case when prev_nextdt >= laufd - interval '2' day then 0 else 1 end) over
                 (partition by id order by order_row) as grp
      from (select t.*,
                   lag(nextdt) over (partition by id order by order_row) as prev_nextdt
            from t
           ) t
     ) t
group by grp, id;

EDIT:

Pokud jsou hodnoty uloženy jako řetězce, použijte:

select id, min(laufd), max(nextdt),
       row_number() over (partition by id order by min(laufd)) as period
from (select t.*,
             sum(case when prev_nextdt >= laufd - interval '2' day then 0 else 1 end) over
                 (partition by id order by order_row) as grp
      from (select t.id, t.order_row, -- any other columns you need
                   to_date(laufd, 'YYYYMMDD') as laufd,
                   to_date(nextdt, 'YYYYMMDD') as next_dt,
                   lag(to_date(nextdt, 'YYYYMMDD')) over (partition by id order by order_row) as prev_nextdt
            from t
           ) t
     ) t
group by grp, id;