Úvod
Pro správce databáze je důležité vědět, jaké úkoly a jak byly dokončeny. Chcete-li tento proces zjednodušit, je lepší jej automatizovat, než jej provádět ručně.
V tomto článku na konkrétním příkladu rozeberu, jak automaticky sbírat data o dokončených úlohách SQL Server Agent.
Řešení
Algoritmus:
- Vytvořte instanci pro výběr úloh:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE view [srv].[vJobRunShortInfo] as SELECT sj.[job_id] as Job_GUID ,j.name as Job_Name ,case sj.[last_run_outcome] when 0 then 'Error' when 1 then 'Successful' when 3 then 'Canceled' else case when sj.[last_run_date] is not null and len(sj.[last_run_date])=8 then 'Inconsistent state' else NULL end end as LastFinishRunState ,sj.[last_run_outcome] as LastRunOutcome ,case when sj.[last_run_date] is not null and len(sj.[last_run_date])=8 then DATETIMEFROMPARTS( substring(cast(sj.[last_run_date] as nvarchar(255)),1,4), substring(cast(sj.[last_run_date] as nvarchar(255)),5,2), substring(cast(sj.[last_run_date] as nvarchar(255)),7,2), case when len(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)))>=5 then substring(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)),1,len(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)))-4) else 0 end, case when len(right(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)),4))>=4 then substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)),4),1,2) when len(right(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)),4))=3 then substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_time] as nvarchar(255)),4),1,1) else 0 end, right(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),2), 0 ) else NULL end as LastDateTime ,case when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))>5 then substring(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),1,len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))-4) when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))=5 then '0'+substring(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),1,len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))-4) else '00' end +':' +case when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))>=4 then substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),4),1,2) when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))=3 then '0'+substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),4),1,1) else '00' end +':' +case when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))>=2 then substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),2),1,2) when len(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)))=2 then '0'+substring(right(cast(sj.[last_run_duration] as nvarchar(255)),2),1,1) else '00' end as [LastRunDurationString] ,sj.last_run_duration as LastRunDurationInt ,sj.[last_outcome_message] as LastOutcomeMessage ,j.enabled as [Enabled] FROM [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobservers] as sj inner join msdb.dbo.sysjobs_view as j on j.job_id=sj.job_id; GO
K tomu použijte instance sysjobservers a sysjobs_view.
- Vytvořte tabulku pro uložení vybraných dat:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [srv].[ShortInfoRunJobs]( [Job_GUID] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, [Job_Name] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [LastFinishRunState] [nvarchar](255) NULL, [LastDateTime] [datetime] NOT NULL, [LastRunDurationString] [nvarchar](255) NULL, [LastRunDurationInt] [int] NULL, [LastOutcomeMessage] [nvarchar](255) NULL, [LastRunOutcome] [tinyint] NOT NULL, [Server] [nvarchar](255) NOT NULL, [InsertUTCDate] [datetime] NOT NULL, [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_ShortInfoRunJobs] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [srv].[ShortInfoRunJobs] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_ShortInfoRunJobs_InsertUTCDate] DEFAULT (getutcdate()) FOR [InsertUTCDate] GO
- Vytvořte úlohu v SQL Server Agent a získejte informace o těch úlohách, které byly buď prováděny po dlouhou dobu (více než 30 sekund), nebo se nepodařilo dokončit. Tyto informace musíte shromáždit za poslední dva dny:
USE [DATABASE_NAME]; GO truncate table [srv].[ShortInfoRunJobs]; INSERT INTO [srv].[ShortInfoRunJobs] ([Job_GUID] ,[Job_Name] ,[LastFinishRunState] ,[LastDateTime] ,[LastRunDurationString] ,[LastRunDurationInt] ,[LastOutcomeMessage] ,[LastRunOutcome] ,[Server]) SELECT [Job_GUID] ,[Job_Name] ,[LastFinishRunState] ,[LastDateTime] ,[LastRunDurationString] ,[LastRunDurationInt] ,[LastOutcomeMessage] ,LastRunOutcome ,@@SERVERNAME FROM [srv].[vJobRunShortInfo] where [Enabled]=1 and ([LastRunOutcome]=0 or [LastRunDurationInt]>=30) and LastDateTime>=DateAdd(day,-2,getdate()); GO
Zde můžete nastavit filtr pro odstranění všech nepotřebných úkolů. Například ty úkoly, které odkazují na replikaci, protože její dokončení trvá mnohem déle.
Vygenerujte HTML zprávu a odešlete ji na e-mail administrátorů:
USE [DATABASE_NAME] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE PROCEDURE [srv].[GetHTMLTableShortInfoRunJobs] @body nvarchar(max) OUTPUT AS BEGIN /* generates an HTML-code for the tables of completed tasks */ SET NOCOUNT ON; SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED; declare @tbl table ( Job_GUID uniqueidentifier ,Job_Name nvarchar(255) ,LastFinishRunState nvarchar(255) ,LastDateTime datetime ,LastRunDurationString nvarchar(255) ,LastOutcomeMessage nvarchar(max) ,[Server] nvarchar(255) ,ID int identity(1,1) ); declare @Job_GUID uniqueidentifier ,@Job_Name nvarchar(255) ,@LastFinishRunState nvarchar(255) ,@LastDateTime datetime ,@LastRunDurationString nvarchar(255) ,@LastOutcomeMessage nvarchar(max) ,@Server nvarchar(255) ,@ID int; insert into @tbl( Job_GUID ,Job_Name ,LastFinishRunState ,LastDateTime ,LastRunDurationString ,LastOutcomeMessage ,[Server] ) select Job_GUID ,Job_Name ,LastFinishRunState ,LastDateTime ,LastRunDurationString ,LastOutcomeMessage ,[Server] from srv.ShortInfoRunJobs --order by LastRunDurationInt desc; if(exists(select top(1) 1 from @tbl)) begin set @body='When analyzing these tasks execution, I have found out the tasks that either have failed with an error, or, it has taken more than 30 seconds for their execution :<br><br>'+'<TABLE BORDER=5>'; set @[email protected]+'<TR>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'№ p/p'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'GUID'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'TASK'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'STATUS'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'DATE AND TIME'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'DURATION'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'MESSAGE'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+'SERVER'; set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'</TR>'; while((select top 1 1 from @tbl)>0) begin set @[email protected]+'<TR>'; select top 1 @ID = [ID] ,@Job_GUID = Job_GUID ,@Job_Name = Job_Name ,@LastFinishRunState = LastFinishRunState ,@LastDateTime = LastDateTime ,@LastRunDurationString = LastRunDurationString ,@LastOutcomeMessage = LastOutcomeMessage ,@Server = [Server] from @tbl order by LastRunDurationInt desc; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@ID as nvarchar(max)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+cast(@Job_GUID as nvarchar(255)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Job_Name,''); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+coalesce(@LastFinishRunState,''); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+rep.GetDateFormat(@LastDateTime, default)+' '+rep.GetTimeFormat(@LastDateTime, default);--cast(@InsertDate as nvarchar(max)); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+coalesce(@LastRunDurationString,''); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+coalesce(@LastOutcomeMessage, ''); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; set @[email protected]+'<TD>'; set @[email protected]+coalesce(@Server, ''); set @[email protected]+'</TD>'; delete from @tbl where [email protected]; set @[email protected]+'</TR>'; end set @[email protected]+'</TABLE>'; end else begin set @body='The tasks, that have failed with an error or that have been executed for more than 30 seconds, have not been found'; end set @[email protected]+'<br><br>For the detailed information, please refer to the table DATABASE_NAME.srv.ShortInfoRunJobs'; END GO
Tato uložená procedura generuje HTML zprávu o dokončených úkolech, které byly provedeny po dobu 30 sekund nebo které se nepodařilo dokončit.
Výsledek
V tomto článku jsem na konkrétním příkladu prozkoumal implementaci každodenního automatického sběru dat o dokončených úkolech v SQL Server Agent. Tyto informace pomáhají určit úlohy, které byly prováděny po dlouhou dobu nebo byly dokončeny s chybou. Umožňuje správci přijmout opatření, aby se v budoucnu takovým chybám vyhnul. Například je možné zrychlit běh úlohy nebo nastavit maximální dobu pro zadanou úlohu.
Toto řešení také pomáhá sledovat problémy související se zálohováním. Přesto o tom budeme diskutovat později, protože nestačí informovat o důležitých úkolech jednou denně. Je nutné o nich okamžitě a pravidelně zasílat emaily, dokud nebude chyba opravena.
Pokud potřebujete vybrat data z několika serverů, je možné výsledky spojit a odeslat je `prostřednictvím jednoho e-mailu.
Odkazy:
» sysjobs
» sysjobservers
Další čtení:
Automatický sběr dat změn databázového schématu na MS SQL Server
Automatický sběr dat:Databázové soubory a logické jednotky na MS SQL Server
Konfigurace notifikací e-mailu databáze v MS SQL Server